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Thomas P. Stafford, an astronaut who pioneered cooperation in area when he commanded the American capsule that linked up with a Soviet spaceship in July 1975, died on Monday in Satellite Beach, Fla. He was 93.
His demise, in a retirement residence, was confirmed by his spouse, Linda. She stated he had just lately been identified with liver most cancers.
General Stafford flew 4 occasions in area and orbited inside 9 miles of the moon’s floor on the mission that preceded the moon walks of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin in July 1969, fulfilling President John F. Kennedy’s quest to greatest the Soviet Union within the area race.
But when General Stafford flew with the civilian astronauts Donald Okay. Slayton, often known as Deke, and Vance D. Brand within the Apollo capsule that docked with the Soviet Union’s two-man Soyuz some 140 miles above the earth, he seemed past the rivalries of world powers.
The Cold War would linger till the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, however, as General Stafford advised, the way forward for area lay in missions with worldwide crews.
In 1959, when NASA selected the primary group of seven astronauts for its Project Mercury in America’s race to place a person on the moon, General Stafford, a lanky, 6-foot Oklahoman who was then a junior Air Force officer, was on the choice record. He had been a check pilot and an teacher, he had graduated from a service academy, and he had a scientific bent. But he was an inch too tall for the Mercury capsules.
He enrolled at what grew to become Harvard Business School in September 1962. But on his thirty second birthday, three days after his arrival in Cambridge, he was provided a spot in NASA’s Gemini program, since he may match into the bigger capsules that will quickly be launched. He put Harvard behind him.
He flew twice for the Gemini program and have become an skilled in rendezvous, the linkup of two spacecraft that will be required for a moon voyage. He orbited the moon in a two-man lunar module in May 1969, scouting a touchdown web site for Apollo 11.
Six years later, when General Stafford’s Apollo capsule caught up with the Soyuz launched by the Soviet Union, and the 2 spacecraft drew shut in adjoining orbits, he radioed the Soviet astronauts and stated, in Russian, “We have seize.” Colonel Leonov replied in English, “Well performed, Tom, it was a very good present.”
More than three hours later, General Stafford and Mr. Slayton crawled into the Soyuz by way of a connecting module whereas Mr. Brand remained within the Apollo to observe its techniques. General Stafford offered the Soviets with 5 small American flags. The Russians responded with presents that included a sketch of the three Americans drawn by Colonel Leonov, an newbie artist.
The Soviet chief, Leonid I. Brezhnev, despatched good needs in a message transmitted by Soviet area officers, and President Gerald R. Ford spoke to the crews by phone. Over the subsequent 44 hours, the 5 spacemen took turns visiting with each other, conducting scientific experiments and holding a joint information convention earlier than separating.
After 9 days in area, the Apollo spacecraft, which had been launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida, splashed down 330 miles northwest of Hawaii, nearly exactly on course. But the astronauts’ mishandling of switches throughout descent allowed a noxious fuel to enter their chamber, affecting the lungs of all three crewmen and ensuing of their transient hospitalization upon touchdown. Mr. Brand stated he was responsible for the mishap, however General Stafford stated the crew bore a collective duty.
That proved a footnote to a mission that thrilled Americans and Russians alike. When General Stafford and his fellow astronauts visited the Soviet Union in September 1975 as friends of their Russian counterparts, they have been greeted with cheers on the streets and so they signed autographs.
Thomas Patten Stafford was born on Sept. 17, 1930, in Weatherford, Okla., west of Oklahoma City. His father, Thomas Sabert Stafford, was a dentist. His mom, Mary Ellen (Patten) Stafford, had moved to Oklahoma as a baby in her household’s lined wagon.
He graduated in 1952 from the United States Naval Academy the place, he as soon as informed Life journal, “I stood close to the highest in all of the engineering topics, and in nearly every little thing however conduct.”
He was commissioned within the Air Force, flew fighter planes after which attended the experimental flight check college at Edwards Air Force Base in California. After graduating in 1959, he grew to become chief of the efficiency department of the aerospace analysis pilot college at Edwards and wrote manuals for Air Force check pilots.
General Stafford’s first spaceflight was in December 1965 when, as an Air Force main, he piloted Gemini 6, commanded by Capt. Walter M. Schirra Jr. of the Navy. Orbiting 185 miles above the earth, Gemini 6 got here inside a foot of the Gemini 7 capsule, which carried Cmdr. James A. Lovell Jr. of the Navy and Lt. Col. Frank Borman of the Air Force and which was launched 11 days earlier than Gemini 6 lifted off.
That joint mission marked the primary rendezvous of two manned spacecraft, the type of maneuver that needed to be perfected for a lunar module to descend to the moon from a command module, which remained in orbit, after which hyperlink up with it for the journey residence.
General Stafford was again in area in June 1966 because the commander of Gemini 9, flying with Capt. Eugene A. Cernan of the Navy. Initially assigned as a backup crew, they stepped in when Elliot See and Charles Bassett, the astronauts assigned to the mission, have been killed in a coaching jet crash. Gemini 9 carried out three variations of rendezvous with a beforehand launched unmanned goal car.
On the Apollo 10 mission in May 1969, General Stafford flew in orbit across the moon with Commander Cernan of their lunar module, named Charlie Brown, whereas Capt. John W. Young of the Navy remained in orbit of their area capsule, Snoopy, awaiting their return. That flight scouted a possible touchdown web site within the Sea of Tranquillity for Apollo 11 and was the primary to beam reside colour TV photographs from area.
General Stafford, who acquired his first star in 1972, held main administrative positions in NASA after the Apollo 10 flight, then returned for his fourth area mission within the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project and was promoted to main common.
He left NASA to command the Air Force flight check middle at Edwards in 1975, and in 1978 was promoted to lieutenant common and named deputy chief of workers for analysis and growth of the Air Force. He retired in November 1979 and have become an aviation advisor.
Stafford Air & Space Museum, which is affiliated with the Smithsonian, opened in his hometown, Weatherford, two years later.
General Stafford and his spouse, Linda Ann (Dishman) Stafford, adopted two boys, Michael and Stas, from a Russian orphanage in 2004 with assist from Colonel Leonov, who was a personality witness for the couple.
In addition to his spouse, Mr. Stafford is survived by Michael and Stas; his daughters, Dionne and Karin Stafford, each from his first marriage, to Faye Shoemaker, which resulted in divorce; a stepdaughter, Kassie Pierce; a stepson, Mark Hill; two grandsons; 4 step-grandchildren; and 5 great-grandchildren.
While the Staffords’ boys, have been adjusting to life within the United States throughout their first months in Oklahoma, after they have been 13 and 9, General Stafford mirrored on his persevering with friendship with Colonel Leonov and on how the world had modified since their pioneering journey.
“We’ve stored in shut contact through the years,” he informed The Oklahoman newspaper in 2004. “We discuss fairly a bit. He was a giant Communist within the outdated days; now he’s an funding banker.”
When Colonel Leonov died at 85 in 2019, General Stafford spoke in Russian on the funeral, held in a suburb of Moscow. He known as Colonel Leonov “my colleague and buddy” and stated: “Alexei, we’ll always remember you.”
Alex Traub contributed reporting.
